
Antarctica once isolated by time , distance & ignorance no longer remains the unknown continent . Since its discovery in 1820 explorers from many nations have struggled against turbulent seas , floating ice , raging storm & sub zero temperature to chart its frozen waters .
With an area of about 14 , 20 , 00 ,000 square kilometers , the frozen continent is larger than any country in the world , with only less than 5 percent visible while the rest is covered by a vast expanse of ice more than 200 meters of thick & containing 90 % of worlds ice reserve .
The Antarctica land is almost completely barren of plant life , the only ones being mosses & microscopic fungi . But the Antarctic seas are almost as rich in life as the land is barren , with plenty of fish , seals & whales as well as many smaller creations .
In the international geographical year 1957-58 12 nations co-operated
in a massive programme of Antarctic research & exploration , setting up many bases & scientific stations . The continent remains nature's unique treasure endowed with minerals , oil & food resources . Its strategic location & potential minerals resources made it a site of intense territorial competition among the nations of the world .
India , despite being late ON THE SCENE HAS DONE SOME USEFUL scientific spadework in the first two expeditions .
However , not individual efforts , but only complementery & co - operative endeavours by all nations may yeild the benefit of making Antarctica a common heritage of mankind . I